You are faced with verb forms in the different tenses almost from the learning English very beginning. Here is the Past Simple, and it says, "You will find the irregular verb forms in the table, you have to learn them". There are about 1000 irregular verbs, but you don't have to learn them all. It's not that bad, especially as there are a few tricks for easier memorization.

The regular verbs three forms

First, let's find out what these forms are and why they are needed. An English verb three forms are the Infinitive, the Past tense and the Past Participle. You need to know these forms to be able to change verbs by tenses. The second comes in handy when you work with the Past and the third comes in handy when you meet the Perfect tenses. The third is also useful for the passive voice, and as a participle.

The next thing you need to know: English verbs are divided into regular and irregular. With the first ones, it's easy - in the second and third forms, you just have to add -ed:

play - played - played (играть);
cry - cried - cried (кричать);
stop - stopped - stopped (останавливаться).
The base in this case remains the same; the last letter may be changed according to the rules:

y changes to -i after a consonant - study → studied;

in monosyllabic verbs, the consonant at the end after one vowel is doubled - plan → planned;

if the verb ends with - e, is added only -d - dance → danced.

The irregular verbs forms

There are the most common verbs about 200 in the English language. Those all are worth learning if you want to be at an advanced level. About 50 are enough for basic use. To make it easier for you to memorise them all, we will divide them into groups based on the second and third forms common characteristics.

All three forms are the same

Это самая легкая для заучивания группа. Такие глаголы еще называются неизменяемыми:

bet - bet - bet (делать ставки);

cost - cost - cost (стоить);
cut - cut - cut (резать);
hit - hit - hit (ударить);
hurt - hurt - hurt (причинять боль);
let - let - let (позволять);
put - put - put (положить);
shut - shut - shut (закрывать).

Several subgroups may be distinguished in this group. The first (the smallest) - in which the infinitive and the simple past tense coincide, e.g.,

beat - beat - beaten (ударить).
The next sub-group is verbs composed in which the first and the third forms, i.e., the infinitive and the past participle, coincide.

come - came - come (приходить);
run - ran - run (бежать)
become - became - become (становиться).
In the third sub-group, the second and the third forms, i.e., the past tense and the past participle, coincide. These verbs are the most common amongst the irregular verbs, which the two forms overlap. For example, get - got - got., stand - stood - stood (стоять). In addition, they, too, can be further divided along similar lines.

With an ending in -t

burn - burnt - burnt (гореть, жечь);

dream - dreamt - dreamt (видеть сны, мечтать);
feel - felt - felt (чувствовать);
keep - kept - kept (хранить).

With an ending in -ught

bring - brought - brought (приносить);

buy - bought - bought (покупать);
catch - caught - caught (ловить);
fight - fought - fought (сражаться);
teach - taught - taught (учить);
think - thought - thought (думать).

When the final -d is changed to -t

build - built - built (строить);
send - sent - sent (посылать, отправлять);
spend - spent - spent (тратить).
When -i is changed to -ou

bind - bound - bound (связывать);

find - found - found (находить);
wind - wound - wound (вить).

When -i is changed to -u

dig - dug - dug (копать);

stick - stuck - stuck (втыкать, липнуть);
sting - stung - stung (жалить);
swing - swung - swung (раскачивать).

When -ell is changed to -old

tell - told - told (говорить);

sell - sold - sold (продавать).

In this category we put verbs in which all three forms are written similarly, the vowels combination in the root is the same, but the reading is different: in the infinitive it is the same, and in the second and third forms it is different:

deal - dealt - dealt (иметь дело);
mean - meant - meant (иметь в виду);
read - read - read (читать);
hear - heard - heard (слышать).
In the first three words [i:] is changed to [ɛ] and in the last one [ɪə] is changed to [ɜ:].

All forms are different

Vowel alternation i-a-u

begin - began - begun (начинать);
drink - drank - drunk (пить);
ring - rang - rung (звонить);
sing - sang - sung (петь);
sink - sank - sunk (тонуть);
swim - swam - swum (плавать).
The vowel -o appears

In the second and third forms, the vowel -o appears in the word root, replacing another letter in the infinitive:

break - broke - broken (ломать);
choose - chose - chosen (выбирать);
forget - forgot - forgotten (забывать);
freeze - froze - frozen (замерзать, замораживать);
speak - spoke - spoken (разговаривать);
steal - stole - stolen (красть)4
wake - woke - woken (будить).
The letter -i changes to -o in the second form

drive - drove - driven (вести автомобиль);
ride - rode - ridden (ехать верхом);
write - wrote - written (писать).
The -ew and -own alternation

In the second form, -ew appears in the root of the word, and in the third form - own:

blow - blew - blown (дуть);
grow - grew - grown (расти);
fly - flew - flown (лететь);
know - knew - known (знать).
Other cases

be - was/were - been (быть);

do - did - done (делать);
have - had - had (иметь);
go - went - gone (ходить);
bite - bit - bitten (кусать);
hide - hid - hidden (прятать);
eat - ate - eaten (есть);
fall - fell - fallen (падать);
give - gave - given (давать);
take - took - taken (брать);
make - made - made (делать).

Such verbs examples: give - forgive, get - forget, stand - understand, withstand, tell - fortell.

I gave you a book a month ago. Please return it. - Я дал тебе книгу месяц назад, верни ее, пожалуйста.

I forgave you yesterday. - Я простил тебя еще вчера.

Learn irregular verbs and use them correctly in speech. You can find other patterns that make more sense to you and learn English verbs in the order you like.

A source: https://englishpapa.com/the-english-verb-and-its-three-forms/

To speak any language well, it is not enough to have a large vocabulary. After all, you have to put all the words together in order to get your message across, and you need grammar.

Many people find this language learning aspect boring and difficult, but you don't have to be grammar afraid. The most important thing is to get a grasp of the basic rules and practice them regularly.

You won't be able to grasp all the grammar right from the start. Today, we will tell you the main points you need to pay attention to if you are just starting to learn the language.

Verbs

The verb to do plays a particularly important role because it is used as an auxiliary verb to form questions and negation.

For example:I sing. - Я пою.

I don't sing. - Я не пою.
Do I sing? - Я пою?
Another important point about verbs in English: you should always pay attention and remember how a verb changes in the third person singular in the present tense Present Simple. Compare:
I sing. - Я пою.
You sing. - Ты поешь/Вы поете.
He/she/it sings. - Он/она/оно поет.
We sing. - Мы поем.
They sing. - Они поют.

The word order in sentences is constant:

a narrative sentence = subject + predicate;
interrogative sentence = auxiliary verb + subject + predicate (main verb).
For example:

You eat. - Ты ешь.

Do you eat? - Ты ешь?

For example:

Apple - apples (яблоко - яблоки)

Box - boxes (коробка - коробки)

Nouns another important companion in English is articles. There are articles two main types: indefinite (a/an) and definite (the). The indefinite article can only be used with singular nouns. The definite article can be used with nouns in both singular and plural.

For example:

An apple - яблоко (some indefinite, any apple)

The apple - яблоко (a specific apple)
The apples - яблоки (some specific apples)

There are verbs 12 main tenses in English. But to begin with, it is enough to remember three basic times:

Present Simple - настоящее простое

Past Simple - прошлое простое

Future Simple - будущее простое

A little later, you need to add to them:
Present Continuous - настоящее продолжительное
Present Perfect - настоящее совершенное
These five tenses are the most commonly used in the English language, and with their help you will be able to express virtually any thought..

Adjective comparison degrees

Like nouns, adjectives in English do not change genders or cases. In addition, unlike nouns, they don't even change in number, retaining the same form in both singular and plural. The main thing to remember for adjectives is how comparative (comparative and superlative) degrees are formed.

There are forming comparative degrees two ways, which apply to all adjectives with some exceptions.

The first way is with -er (comparative) and -est (superlative). This method is used for short adjectives 1-2 syllables consisting.

For example:

Long (длинный) - longer (длиннее) - longest (самый длинный)

The second way is with the words more (comparative degree) and most (superlative degree). This method is used for long adjectives 2 or more syllables consisting.

For example:

Beautiful (красивый) - more beautiful (красивее) - most beautiful (самый красивый).

A source: https://englishpapa.com/english-grammar-where-to-start/

The next question is how and where to find out your English level? This question baffles many. Many people turn to the Internet with this question and "drown" in a sea of information. We have an answer that will not only simplify the solution, but also give a qualified answer. On the website of the "EnglishPapa" school you can take an English proficiency test online without registration. This service is free and available to everyone.

English levels classification

The European Council has developed and approved the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages or CEFR. This scale is an international standard used to describe the level of proficiency in a foreign language. According to CEFR, language knowledge and skills are classified into six levels:

A - Elementary knowledge (divided into: A1 - survival level and A2 - pre-threshold level);

B - self-sufficient proficiency (divided into: B1 - threshold level and B2 - advanced threshold level);

C - language fluency (divided into: C1 - professional proficiency level and C2 - perfect knowledge).

In short about English levels

After finishing this level you will have the following skills:

Using and understanding basic phrases used in everyday life;

Introducing yourself and introducing others;
Establishing communication and asking the simplest questions;
Understanding a speaker when they speak slowly;
Understand short phrases on signs, postcards, road signs, etc.

А1 (Elementary or «Following the path»)
Analize yourself

After finishing this level you will have the following skills:

Understanding various phrases and sayings on current life topics (work, family, shopping, travel, etc.);
Asking for directions to your destination and understanding the answer;
Maintaining a dialogue in ordinary everyday situations, as well as talking about yourself and your needs;
Understanding videos and TV programs in English;
Reading and understanding a simple written text (personal letter, an order, etc.).
Vocabulary of 1500-2500 words.

B1 (Intermediate or «Threshold»)
Analize yourself

After finishing this level you will have the following skills:

A good and correct understanding of a conversation on familiar topics;
Speaking and maintaining dialogue in most situations (at work, on vacation, traveling, etc.);
Expressing your thoughts in English, describing impressions, sharing dreams and expectations, etc.;
Watching and understand English films, series or TV shows;
Understanding instructions, advertising booklets, letters and some documents in English;
Reading and writing (essay, letters, instructions).
Vocabulary around 3250 words.

B2 (Upper Intermediate or «Excellence»)
Analize yourself

After finishing this level you will have the following skills:

Supporting a conversation, as well as to understanding the essence of a complex text;
Communicating with native speakers, as well as maintaining conversations about your profession;
Good understanding of oral speech;
Forming competent sentencse (not only simple, but also complex), to express your point of view, to reason on different topics.
Watching without problem almost any English videos;
Confident reading and writing.
A vocabulary of 3750 words.

C1 (Advanced or «Progressive»)
Analize yourself

After finishing this level you will have the following skills:

Understanding complex texts;
Excellent oral speech;
Variety of vocabulary;
Understanding original movies and books, idioms, accents and slang;
Well-developed literate writing.
Active vocabulary of 4500 words.

When going on an interview or filling out questionnaires for employment (or study), a simplified classification of levels is sometimes used:

Basic;
Intermediate;
Advanced;
Fluent.
However, if you have passed an international language exam you should always indicate your score.

A source: https://englishpapa.com/urovni-anglijskogo-kak-opredelit-svoj-uroven/

The first thing a person discovers when learning a new language is the alphabet. The basis on which your study of both oral and written speech will be built in the future is letters and sounds. And English is no exception.

The modern English alphabet

The English language has only 26 letters. But this wasn't always the case: until the VII century on the territory of the current England, the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet was used, which gradually became obsolete and was replaced by the latin, which arrived to the island along the christian missionaries. For some time, the two alphabets got along together, but the Latin alphabet began seizing power. Back in the XI century, there were fewer letters in the English alphabet than there are now. There were 23 of them. And only in the XVI century, with the addition of the letters J, U and W, the English alphabet acquired a modern look.

Now 6 leters represent vowel sounds: A [ei] , E [i:], I [ai], O [əu], U [ju], Y [wai]. And 21 leters represent consonant sounds: B [bi:], C [si:], D [di:], F [ef], G [ʤiː], H [eiʧ], J [ʤei], K [kei], L [el], M [em], N [en], P [pi:], Q [kju:], R [a:], S [es], T [ti:], V [vi:], W [‘dʌb(ə)ljuː], X [eks], Y [wai], Z [zed].

The letter Y can both represent a vowel and a consonant depending on the position in the word: consonant (yacht), vowel (sky).

Interesting facts about the English alphabet

The letter E can be found in the 11% of all the English words, which makes it the most used letter. To figure this out, more than 240 thousand words from the oxford alphabet where analyzed.
The letter H had 2 prununciations for a period: [eiʧ] and [heiʧ]. The first variant was used by the lower class. Catholics and Protestants also used different pronunciations.
You won't find the letters J and Q on the Periodic Table of elements.

Only 4 leters of the English alphabet: A, E, O, L - can be double at the beginning of the word. The combination "oo" is the most common one.
The less common letter is the letter Q.
The letter T is the most popular consonant in the English language.
The letters S and T are the most common first letters.
The letter V is the only letter that is always pronounced in all English words. At least that is what is stated on the Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
The letter Z is pronounced differently in American and British English. In British it's [zed], and in American - [zi:].

The English alphabet is sometimes called by it's 3 first letters: the ABCs - a popular children song.
English words are often written differently than how they sound. So, the expression "Spell it, please" will probably become a good friend of yours. And if someday, while being on the airport, for example, you will have to spell your name/surname, knowing the alphabet will help you for sure.

And if you would like to learn more than the alphabet, you need to learn English!

A source: https://englishpapa.com/skolko-bukv-v-anglijskom-alfavite/