Tagi - optical
The largest pressure pipe ever used in North America will be connected to a new tertiary wastewater treatment plant in the town of Esquimalt on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.Get more news about Hdpe Pe100 Granule,you can vist our website!
When it opens in fall 2020, the facility will take the water from 413,000 people washing dishes, doing laundry and flushing the toilet and put it through an extra level of filtering to remove inorganic compounds, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, as well as pharmaceuticals, hormones, microplastics and other contaminants.
The massive pipe, which is made of high density polyethylene and has an outer diameter of 7½ feet, will serve as the outfall for wastewater treated three times before it is discharged into Victoria Harbor. The pipe was manufactured by Agru America Inc. at its "XXL" facility in Charleston, S.C., for extruding products with diameters of 65 inches to 128 inches.
"Before Agru built this facility in 2017, a domestic manufacturer for HDPE pipe larger than 65 inches OD [outer diameter]did not exist. These sizes are now available and this project demonstrates that it is possible and it works, which are great steps for plastics," Melissa Grace, vice president of Agruline, said in an email.Agruline is a product group of HDPE pipes, fittings, valves and components made of PE 100-RC.
The gigantic outfall pipe in Esquimalt extends about 1.2 miles from the shore and was sunk to a depth of 197 feet using a series of weights. The pipe sections were joined by butt fusion, which is another feat for the project. This is the largest solid-wall HDPE pressure pipe to be butt-fusion welded, according to Grace.
"This is considered a homogenous weld, meaning the strength of the weld is the same as the strength of the pipe," Grace said. "The joint is also leakproof, which is another benefit of the HDPE pipe solution."
The wastewater treatment plant and outfall system are part of a $775 million project undertaken by 13 communities to protect and maintain local waterways for the next 50 years. Wastewater will undergo primary treatment to separate out solids followed by secondary treatment to remove suspended organic compounds and then tertiary treatment to physically reduce any remaining contaminants down to 5 microns, which is the size of a human red blood cell, with a fabric disc filter.
The outfall part of the project originally called for 70-inch steel pipes but was bumped up to 89 inches to meet high-volume needs. Still, concerns about corrosion and expensive maintenance lingered. The project engineers turned to Agru for a suitable material.
"Several factors contributed to the eventual shift to HDPE solid wall extruded pipe, which far surpasses steel pipe in many regards, including life expectancy and lower maintenance costs, especially in salt water, which is a very toxic environment for steel," Grace said.
Borealis announces that Politejo, a leading global pipe manufacturer based in Portugal, has selected the new Super Low Sag (SLS) black polyethylene PE100-RC (resistant to crack) pressure pipe material for use in a major pipeline project comprising onshore and offshore sections in the Galicia region of northern Spain. The project is one example of how Borealis is using its step-change innovations to enhance the sustainability of pipe infrastructure by making pipes safer, more robust, and durable. By designing pipe materials with eco-efficiency and recycling in mind, Borealis is closing the loop on plastics circularity.Get more news about Hdpe Pe100 Granule,you can vist our website!
The new pipe material is the recently launched BorSafeTM HE3490-SLS-H. Its tailored polymer architecture and low melt flow rate (MFR) enable the production of pipe with high wall thicknesses while counteracting the "sagging phenomenon" characteristic of other conventional materials used in the pipe extrusion process. Sagging refers to the tendency for a hot melt (being extruded from the pipe extrusion die) to flow downward due to the force of gravity, resulting in uneven wall thickness and distribution. The low sag property of this resin makes the production process more efficient, with faster start-up in reaching the required dimension tolerances for pipe diameter and wall thickness. Another benefit is the reduction of scrap rates and overall waste avoidance.
For Politejo's large-diameter pipeline project in Spain, pipes with diameters of 900 mm and 1100 mm will be used in the onshore section, while a larger number of pipes with diameter of 1400 mm and 60 mm wall thickness will be used in the offshore section, where submersed installation demands especially high quality and long material lifespan.
The very high Slow Crack Growth (SCG) resistance of BorSafe HE3490-SLS-H translates into faster installation and cost efficiency. Faster installation times can be realised because the robustness of the pipe allows for installation without sand-bedding around it. For drinking water applications, the new and improved formulation offers extra assurance of purity for the safe transport of potable water. Finally, design for eco-efficiency in the spirit of means that this material solution boasts an expected lifespan of over 100 years, and is fully recyclable.
BorSafe HE3490-SLS-H can be produced using a grade from the portfolio of circular polyolefins. In future, resins from the transformational portfolio of chemically recycled solutions can also be selected for pipe applications.
Both the Bornewables and Borcycle C grades are composed of ISCC PLUS-certified (International Sustainability & Carbon Certification Plus) feedstock produced using the mass balance method; both enable significant CO2 footprint reductions when compared to the use of fossil fuel-based feedstocks.
In the realm of telecommunications, optical fiber cables are the unsung heroes, silently transmitting data at the speed of light. However, there is an intricate science behind these cables that often goes unnoticed - the process of optical cable filling. This essay explores the art and science behind this crucial process.Get more news about Optical Cable Filling,you can vist our website!
Optical cable filling is a process that involves filling the loose tubes in an optical cable with a special compound. This compound, often a gel or a thixotropic filling compound, serves multiple purposes. It provides mechanical protection to the delicate optical fibers, prevents water ingress, and also aids in heat dissipation.
The choice of filling compound is critical to the performance and longevity of the optical cable. The compound must be chemically stable and should not react with the materials used in the cable construction. It should also maintain its properties over a wide range of temperatures, as cables are often deployed in harsh environments.
The process of filling an optical cable is both an art and a science. It requires precision and attention to detail. The filling compound must be evenly distributed throughout the length of the cable to ensure optimal performance. This is achieved through a combination of careful design and meticulous manufacturing processes.
One of the key challenges in optical cable filling is ensuring that the filling compound does not interfere with the optical properties of the fibers. Any changes in the refractive index of the material surrounding the fibers can lead to signal loss. Therefore, extensive testing is carried out to ensure that the filling compound is compatible with the optical fibers.
In recent years, advancements in materials science have led to the development of new types of filling compounds. These compounds offer improved performance characteristics, such as enhanced thermal stability and lower viscosity, making them easier to apply during the manufacturing process.
Despite its importance, optical cable filling is often overlooked in discussions about telecommunications infrastructure. However, it plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable and high-speed data transmission. As our reliance on digital communication continues to grow, so too will the importance of this intricate process.
In conclusion, optical cable filling is a fascinating blend of art and science. It requires a deep understanding of materials science, precision engineering, and telecommunications technology. As we continue to push the boundaries of data transmission speeds, this process will remain at the heart of our digital infrastructure.
In the world of optical communication, Solid State Optical Switches have emerged as a significant innovation. These switches, unlike their mechanical counterparts, operate without moving parts, leading to a host of advantages.Get more news about Solid State Optical Switch,you can vist our website!
Solid State Optical Switches are devices that control the direction of light in optical fibers using electronic mechanisms. They have found widespread use in various applications, from telecommunications to medical imaging, due to their reliability and efficiency.
The development of Solid State Optical Switches has been driven by the need for high-speed, reliable communication systems. As data traffic continues to grow, the demand for efficient and reliable switching devices has increased. Solid State Optical Switches, with their fast switching times and low power consumption, have proven to be an effective solution.
The operation of a Solid State Optical Switch is based on the principle of total internal reflection. When light enters the switch, it encounters a medium with a different refractive index. Depending on the state of the switch, the light is either transmitted or reflected, thus controlling the path of the light.
One of the key advantages of Solid State Optical Switches is their durability. Since they do not have moving parts, they are less prone to wear and tear, leading to a longer lifespan. Additionally, they can switch between states rapidly, allowing for high-speed data transmission.
Furthermore, Solid State Optical Switches have enabled the development of advanced communication systems. For instance, they have facilitated the creation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, which allow for multiple signals to be transmitted over a single fiber. This has significantly increased the capacity of optical networks.
In conclusion, Solid State Optical Switches have revolutionized optical communication. Their unique properties, such as durability and high-speed operation, have made them an integral part of modern communication systems. As technology continues to advance, it is expected that the role of Solid State Optical Switches will only become more prominent.
Optical cable filling is a crucial aspect of fiber optic cable design and installation. The primary purpose of optical cable filling is to prevent moisture and other impurities from entering the optical cable1. This helps maintain the performance and longevity of the cable and can reduce the need for cable maintenance.Get more news about Optical Cable Filling,you can vist our website!
One of the key components used in optical cable filling is a gel-like filling compound, often referred to as cable jelly. This compound is filled in the gap of the optical cable core. It serves to prevent water from seeping longitudinally into the loose tube and the cable core after each sheath is ruptured. The cable jelly plays a vital role in sealing and waterproofing, anti-stress buffering, and more.
For outdoor optical cables, it is necessary to fill the loose tube of the optical cable with water-blocking materials such as optical fiber filling gel3. This is done to prevent water and moisture from reducing the strength of the optical fiber and increasing the transmission loss, which affects the communication quality. The filling gel achieves the effect of sealing and waterproofing, anti-stress buffering, and protecting the optical fiber.
In conclusion, optical cable filling is a critical process in the manufacturing and installation of fiber optic cables. It ensures the durability and efficiency of the cables, thereby guaranteeing optimal performance in data transmission.
